This is the last group of the letters of the Persian alphabet you need to learn. We put them last because they are infrequent in comparison with most of the previous ones and none of them represents a new sound, i.e. all of them share their sounds with at least one of the letters you have already learned. Even in the letters you have learned so far, there were letters with identical pronunciations. This is because that usually show up in Arabic loan words and sound distinct in Arabic.

All the examples in this part are Arabic names and Arabic loan words. Generally, in pure Persian words and European loan words, the letters “س”, “ت”, “ز”, “ه”, and “ق” are used instead of their homophones.